Time and the River: A History of the Saint Croix

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover

Acknowledgements

Introduction — The St. Croix: River of Paradox

Chapter 1 — Valley of Plenty, River of Conflict

• The Dakota and Their Neighbors
  
• French Fur Traders on the St. Croix
  
• The Origins of the Dakota-Chippewa War
  
• English Fur Traders on the St. Croix
  
• A Social History of the Fur Trader in the St. Croix Valley
  
• The Ecological Impact of the Fur Trader
  
• The American Fur Company Era
  
• Dakota-Chippewa Relations During the American Era
  
• The Treaties of 1837
  
• Strangers on the Land: The St. Croix Indians in the Settlement Era
  

Chapter 2 — River of Pine

• From Fur Trade to Fir Trade
  
• Frontier Logging: Life in the Forest
  
• Frontier Logging: The Importance of Waterpower
  
• The St. Croix Valley
  
• Industrial River
  
• The Log Drives
  
• A River Jammed with Logs
  
• Industrial Logging
  
• Corporate Control of the St. Croix
  
• The Failure of Government Regulation of the St. Croix Pinery
  
• Fire in the Forest
  
• The Last Days of the Lumber Frontier
  
• The Impact of Logging on the St. Croix Valley
  

Chapter 3 — "The New Land": Settlement and the Development of Agriculture in the St. Croix Valley

• Dividing the Valley
  
• Farmers and the Repopulation of the Valley
  
• The Swedish Frontier
  
• Land Speculation and Growing Pains
  
• The Civil War Years in the St. Croix Valley
  
• The Farming Frontier Moves Up the Valley
  
• Railroads: Regional Rivalry and Growth
  
• From Wheat to Dairy
  
• Mining Illusions
  
• Settlement Spreads to the Upper St. Croix Valley
  
• Farms or Forest? The Cutover Debate
  

Chapter 4 — Up North: The Development of Recreation in the St. Croix Valley

• Tourism in the Ante-Bellum Years
  
• Railroads Promote Tourism and the Resort Industry
  
• Hunting and Fishing for Sport
  
• Steamboat Excursions
  
• The Nineteenth Century Conservation Movement and Recreation
  
• Establishing the Interstate Parks
  
• Steamboat Excursions to the Interstate Parks
  
• Logging vs. Recreation: River Use Conflict Comes to a Head
  
• Logging's Demise, Recreation's Rise
  
• The First Efforts to "Save the St. Croix"
  
• Recreation Along the Upper St. Croix and Namekagon Rivers
  
• A New Deal for the St. Croix
  
• The Lost Tribe of the Chippewa
  
• Preserving the St. Croix River

Photos by Bill Neuman

• Stagecoach Trail
• Sawmill District
• Immigrant Trail
  
• Nevers Place
  
• White Pines